Single Entry and Double Entry Accounting

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Single entry accounting/Cash accounting. This system records only cash movement of transactions and that too up to the extent of recording one aspect of the transactions. This means that only receipt or payment of cash is recorded and no separate record is maintained (about the source of receipt and payment) as to from whom the cash was received or to whom it was paid. Double entry book keeping/Commercial accounting. Double entry or commercial accounting system records both aspects of transaction i.e. receipt or payment and source of receipt or payment. It also records credit transactions i.e. recording of Electricity Bill or accruals of Salary payment etc. This concept will be explained in detail in the next lectures but for the time being it should be noted that in cash accounting date of receipt / payment of actual cash is important while in commercial accounting the date on which the expense is caused (whether paid or not) as well as the spreading of the cost of c
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Line Managers Human Resource Duties

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However, line managers still have many human resource duties. This is because the direct handling of people has always been part of every line manager s duties, from president down to first-line supervisors. For example, one major company outlines its line supervisors respon-sibilities for effective human resource management under these general headings:

1. Placing the right person in the right job
2. Starting new employees in the organization         (orientation)

3. Training employees for jobs that are new to          them
4. Improving the job performance of each person
5. Gaining cooperation and developing smooth         working relationships
6. Interpreting the company s policies and                 procedures
7. Controlling labor costs
8. Developing the abilities of each person
9. Creating and maintaining department morale
10. Protecting employees health and physical             condition

In small organizations, line managers may carry out all these personnel tasks unassisted. But as the organization grows, they need the assistance, specialized knowledge, and advice of a separate human resource staff. The human resource department provides this specialized assistance.


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